请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：
中国土地广阔，人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语，但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同，这被称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话，是汉语在不同地区的分支，只在特定地区使用。汉语方言非常复杂。它们有以下三方面不同：发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年前，中国人发现社交时应该使用同一的语言。和方言相比，普通话能被所有人理解。普通话有利于不同种族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。
教研参考译文：
China has a vast land and a large population. Even though the Chinese language is spoken all over the country, people in different areas speak it in different ways, which are called dialects. Generally called local languages, dialects are branches of the Chinese language in different regions, and are only used in certain areas. Dialects of the Chinese language are very complicated. They differ from each other in three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. And the difference in pronunciation is the most outstanding. Over 2000 years ago, Chinese people realized that a common language should be used in social activities. Compared with dialects, mandarin can be understood by all people in China. The use of mandarin can contribute to information transmission and cultural exchange between ethnic groups and people in different places.
教研词句点拨：
1、中国土地广阔，人口众多
China has a vast land and a large population
2、A在不同地区的分支
branches of A in different regions
3、信息传递
information transmission
4、文化交流
cultural exchange
5、社交活动
social activities
20年前，很多人对创业者（entrepreneur）的态度是不理解和不信任。但是现在，这个形势已经发生了根本的变化。不仅人们对创业者的态度发生了变化，同时在政策上有很多扶持，也有很多的奖项来表彰创业者。现在如果一个有志青年去创业，他会受到很多赞许的目光，我们会为他鼓劲、加油。一些扶持政策也会帮助他成功创业，在社会舆论环境上，方方面面都给现在的创业者提供了一个非常好的一个平台。
教研参考译文：
20 years ago, many people did not understand or trust entrepreneurs. But now the situation has radically changed. Not only has people's attitude towards entrepreneurs changed, but also there are a lot of support in terms of policy and many awards to commend their achievements. Now if an aspiring young person wants to start a business, he or she will receive a lot of praise. People will cheer for him or her. He or she will get policy support as well. In terms of public opinion environment, besides many other favorable aspects, a very good platform has been created for entrepreneurs today.
教研词句点拨：
政策上有很多扶持：a lot of support in terms of policy
表彰创业者：commend their achievements
有志青年：aspiring young person
社会舆论环境：public opinion environment
三国时期
三国（公元220-280年）时期，魏、蜀、吴三足鼎立。为了进一步将这三国与同时期的其他几国区分开来，历史学家们为三国各添加了一位相关人物：魏又为曹魏，蜀即为蜀汉，吴亦称东吴。各国最终的统治者并不是皇帝，而是自称是汉朝合法继承人的君主们。14世纪，罗贯中著有《三国演义》，被誉为中国古典四大名著之一，八十万字，一百二十章，描写的正是这段时期的历史风云。
重点词组：
三足鼎立：a tripartite division between
合法继承人：the legitimate successor
中国古典四大名著：Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature
被誉为：be acclaimed as
这段时期的历史风云：the events in the turbulent years of that period
国画(Chinese painting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法，国画可分为写童派(the Xieyi school)和工笔派(the Gongbi school)两大类。写意派以自 由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史，不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。
参考译文：
Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting is done on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. According to the means of expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi school and the Gongbi school. The Xieyi school is characterized by free expression and exaggerated forms, while the Gongbi school attaches importance to detail with fine brush work. Landscape painting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. Throughout history, the Chinese paintings paintings at different times mirror people's social consciousness accordingly.
词句点拨
1.第2句为无主语句，翻译时可补充出主语0ne，译作When painting, one uses a brush to dip it in black ink...，但这种译法显得较为繁冗。此处宜把时间状语“绘画时”转换成主句is done,“用毛笔蘸黑墨......”处理成方式状语，用介词短语with a brush dipped in black...来表达，这样句子更简洁、逻辑关系更强。
2.在第3句中，“可分为几大类”可译为短语be divided into...categories；“写意派和工笔派”则可用定语从 句which are...来表达。
3.第4句含有对比的并列结构，可用表对比的连词while来连接。该句中的“注重……描绘细节”译成attach importance to detail即可达意，省译“描绘”；“以精细的笔法”是方式状语，可用介词短语with fine brush work来表达，置于句末。
4.在最后一句中，定语“不同时期的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，表达为at different times/periods。
请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：
中国五年前根本没有高速铁路。但是现在高铁列车(high-speed trains)的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短。人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最髙速的速度在全国周游。高速铁路系统的运菅非常成功，它运载的乘客是全国民航 (civil aviation)系统运载的乘客的两倍。中国有世界上最先进的、低排放的快速运输系统之一，而做到这一点仅仅用了五年。
参考译文：
China didn't have a high-speed rail five years ago.But now the tickets of high-speed trains are usually sold out very quickly, even though the departure interval is quite short.And people can conveniently travel around the nation at a speed that doubles the speed of the fastest American train.The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful; it carries twice as many passengers as the nation's civil aviation system.China has one of the most advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes five years to achieve this.
词句点拨
1.但是现在高铁列车的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短:“售罄”可译 为sell out，意为“卖完了，卖光了”；“发车间隔”译为departure interval。
2.人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最高速的速度在全国周游:“以...的速度”可译为at a speed...，speed意为“速度”;“两倍于”即“是...的两倍”，可译为double,也可译为twice。
3.高速铁路系统的运营非常成功，它运栽的乘客是全国民航系统运载的乘客的两倍:“运栽”可用carry来表示。“倍数+as+many/much/large等形容词+(比较的内容)+as”为英语中表达倍数时常用的结构，中间的形容词根据比较的内容来定，如比较大小则用as large as,表示“是...的两倍大”则为twice as large as。
【原文】
中国结（Chinese knot）是中国文化的典型代表之一。中国结源于古代，当时人们用系结的方式来记事，在唐宋时期（the Tang and Song Dynasties）逐渐发展成为一种饰品，并在明清时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）开始盛行至今。中国结象征着团结、友谊、和平、热情和爱情等。制作中国结的材料多种多样，如棉 线、丝编、尼龙（nylon）、皮革，甚至是一些贵重金属。如今，中国结在世界各地广受欢迎。
【解析】
1.第1句中的“典型代表之一”可用one of the typical symbols来表达。
2.第2句的主语与第1句一样，都是Chinese knot，故用代词it表达以避免重复。此句是由“源于”、“发展”、“盛行”三个谓语组成的并列句，句子较长，翻译时可考虑将其拆译为两个句子。“当时人们用系结的方式来记事”拆分了汉语句中的三个连贯动作，可把它处理成when引导的状语从句，译为when to keep records.keep records本身就已含“记事”之义，故采用英汉翻译中的“减词”译法，不再把“事”（things）译出来。
3.第2句中的“逐渐发展成为一种饰品，并在明清时期开始盛行至今”说明了中国结发展的不同阶段，在结构上属于汉语中典型的“叙事多用并列结构”的特点。翻译类似的汉语结构多采用“同一主语，并列谓语”的英语结构，故将developed和prevailed处理成并列谓语。
4.倒数第2句中的“制作中国结的材料”的中心词为“材料”，定语“制作中国结的材料”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用分词短语used to make the knots来表达。
【参考译文】
Chinese knot is one of the typical symbols of Chinese culture. It appeared in ancient times when people tied knots to keep records. It developed gradually as a type of decoration during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and prevailed from the Ming and Qing Dynasties up to now. Chinese knot means reunion, friendship, peace, warmth, and love, etc. Materials used to make the knots are various, such as cotton, silk, nylon, leather and even precious metals. Today, Chinese knot is popular in many parts of the world.
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