1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

 

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

 

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

 

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

 

I’d been working for some time when he called.

 

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

 

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

 

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

 

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

 

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.

 

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

 

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

 

 

可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

 

He was said to be jealous of her success.

 

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

 

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

 

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

 

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

 

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

 

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

 

双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

 

双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

 

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

 

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

 

宾补结构的被动语态:

 

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

 

Then he was made a squad leader.

 

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

 

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

 

短语动词

 

Vi + adv

 

The plane took off two hours late.

 

Vi + prep

 

They looked round the Cathedral.

 

Vi + prep (有被动语态)