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I. The words & expressions you should be able to use:

aspire creativity  burger
consumption unobtrusively modest-sized
manual upkeep enrichment
upright ensconce ad nauseam 
portable abandon breezy
conflict curler hoard
unquestionably accessory ignite
inflation nudge estrange
junk clincher brutal
interaction relent ultimate
skeleton martyr conspicuous

complete with not that...
set up be bent on
creep in by comparison
give up bargain for
not to mention go out
find one's way into put in
on occasion come close to
take an interest in  at the mercy of(at somebody's mercy)
begin with after all
tamper with swear off
drop out of

complete
  
complete adj. 
1. whole, having all its parts
Did you order a complete dinner?
The clothing store carries a complete range of sizes.
2. thorough, in every way, absolute
The news came as a complete surprise to me.
He has complete control of the business.
3. finished
The author said that his book was finally complete.
complete with: fully or additionally supplied with
We bought a house complete with furniture.
 
complete v. 
to finish, to make perfect
The writet did not live to complete his book.
His proposaI completed our scheme.
 
completion n.
the act of completing or the state of being completed
The completion of the work took two years.
He’Il bring the book to completion.
 
completely adv.
totally, entirely
I am completely satisfied. 

design
  
design v.
1. to invent and prepare a plan of (something) before it is built or made
The bridge was designed by a famous engineer.
He designs for a coat manufacturer.

2. to intend
This course is designed to help those wishing to study abroad.
The room was designed for the retired workers.

design n. 
1. a sketch or plan produced before something is made
This was of an excellent design.
2. purpose; purposeful planning
Do you think the house was burnt down by accident or by design?
The thief had designs upon the safe.
3. a style, the way in which something has been made or put together
They have a great variety of designs and sell at reasonable prices.

consume
  
consume v.
1. to eat or drink
The children consumed all the hot dogs and hamburgers.
He consumed a huge amount of alcohol.
2. to use
We consume less energy than before.
This is time-consuming work.
3. to destroy (by fire, wasting, etc.)
"The fire consumed the greater part of the woods in no time.
 
consumer n. 
a person who eats, uses, buys things, etc.
The consumer must be protected against the sale of poor-quality goods.
 
consumption n.
the act of consuming; the amount consumed
It is necessary to cut the coal consumption of power plants.

conclude
  
conclude v.
1. to come or bring to an end
The evening concluded with conviviality.
The concluding chapter of the book was very exciting.
2. to come to believe after consideration of known facts
We concluded that we would not let him know about it.
They concluded him guilty upon mere conjecture.
3. to arrange or settle (something)
The leaders of the two nations concluded a treaty which was to profit both nations equally.
 
conclusion n.
1. an end
The author brings his story to a conclusion with a series of coincidences.
2. judgement
The conclusion was drawn from sound reasoning.
 
conclusive adj.
     onvincing or giving proof
     The evidence against the criminal was conclusive. 

1. She's an unwilling tool of middleclassdom 
　She is a tool of promoting the middleclass way of life, and she is unwilling to be that tool.
　The middle class, also called the bourgeoisie, are the people who are neither working class (the proletariat) nor upper class (the wealth or the aristocracy). Business people, managers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers are usually regarded as middle class. "Middle-class," usually spelled with a hyphen, is an adjective. 'Middleclassdom,' how-ever, is the author's coinage, so that it becomes an abstract noun with pejorative overtones, referring more to the lifestyle than to people. The word is coined on the analogy of 'officialdom', which often refers to the way government officials work, and is used especially when people disapprove of the officials' rules and regulations, their slowness or unhelpfulness.

2. aspiring to a place ... of 'keeping things running 
　If you hope to become a member of the middle class, you must be prepared to make the immediate sacrifice of applying yourself to the perpetual task of keeping everything in the house in good working condition. In other words, being a member of the middle class is not as ideal as people generally think. The sentence may well be taken to be the topic sentence: the whole essay serves to prove this secret which the author discovered for herself. The theme is reiterated in the last paragraph with the quotation from Thoreau.

3. complete with 
　(adi. + prep.) having ... as an additional part; accompanied with,
e.g. a luxurious car complete with air conditioning, telephone and bar;
an excursion to the beach, complete with picnic hampers and cold drinks;
a turkey dinner complete with all the trimmings

4. swimming pool and gas barbecue 
　People often heat the water of the outdoor swimming pool by gas, particularly in spring and late summer. The time people install the heating system, they usually take the opportunity to put in a barbecue just in case, no matter whether they really need it or not. It is also possible that the swimming pool does not need to be heated in Southern California, and in that case the barbecue is independent of it.

5. stereo 
　a hi-fi, or, record player with two speakers

6. burger 
　(informal) hamburger

7. crockpot 
　an electric cooker used to cook rice and other food which needs to be cooked slowly at a low temperature. It consists of an outer pot made of metal with wires inside it, and an inner pot made of earthenware, so that you can go away and leave the crockpot cooking by itself, and when you come back the food is ready and hot. 

8. It's not that 
　The reason (we have so many things) is not that ...
The sentence structure often varies a little bit:
Not that I dislike the task, but that I am unequal to it.
Our boast is not that we have more brilliant ideas but that our ideas are better tested.
It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all.

9. set up housekeeping 
　got married and started a home of our own

10. were bent on hedonistic consumption 
　had the strong wish to buy and use things as wastefully, and affluently as a hedonist would. A hedonist is one who holds that pleasure is the ultimate goal of life.
　be bent on: fix one's mind on; have as a fixed purpose, e.g.
　Though he is bent on good marks, he does not work hard enough.

11. it just crept in very unobtrusively 
　That of consumption came into our life imperceptibly.
　creep in: enter imperceptibly, e.g.
　We should try to argue calmly and not allow any bitterness to creep in.
　'To creep in unobtrusively' is actually tautological

12. or so we thought 
　or at least we felt we had everything we needed. One more example:
　Martha has got a new job, or so she tells me.

13. modest-sized freezer 
　medium-sized freezing compartment

14. sensible 
　reasonable; judicious; practical rather than showy

15. by comparison 
　by comparison with what we have now

16. gave up 
　retired (humorous use); wore out; ceased to function

17. I took a step toward the small-is-better school 
　I began to feel that the small is better than the big, and made a purchase in line with that view.
'School' means school of thought or philosophy.

Modern English has a tendency to switch the post- modifier to the premolifying position for compactness of language. Sentence premodification or phrasal premodification (e.g. united-in-parenting parents) is characteristic of colloquial or journalistic style, striking the reader as improvised and witty. More examples:
the ahead-of-schedule general election
a 'come-as-you-are' party (a party to which you come in your everyday clothes without the need to be dressed as one should on formal occasions, e.g.
Don't bother to dress up - come. as you are.
There was an I-told-you-so air on his face.

18. fill in the pool with dirt 
　convert the swimming pool into a piece of level ground by putting earth into it. Since you believe in the small, and less affluent way of life, you don't need the pool; you can get rid of the pool.-
dirt: (uncountable) soil; loose earth
fill in (a crack or a hole): put a substance into it so as to make it level with the surrounding surface, e.g.
The workmen first dug a hole, then mended the waterpipe, and after that they filled the hole in again.

19. reassessment 
　Since I did not miss anything without the electric can opener, this made me reconsider the value of the big things I owned - Had they really helped me more than if I had bought smaller ones? This review brought the author's mind back, in paragraph 6, to ten years ago, and proceeds until paragraph 12, to one year ago when the electric can opener wore out and the reassessment took place.

20. superfluous 
　unnecessary; redundant

21. upkeep 
　maintenance; my time, effort, and money required to keep them in good condition
'Upkeep' is derived from the phrasal verb "keep up. (e.g. How do you manage to keep up such a large house without help?) There are usually, three ways to form nouns from phrasal verbs:
　(1) verb + particle, e.g'.
My car broke down on the way.
,There was a breakdown on the road,.
　(2) particle + verb, e.g.
Rationing was not introduced till some time after war broke out/after the outbreak of war.
　(3) particle + verb + -ing, e.g.
Her grandmother brought her up.
Her parents cared very little about her upbringing.

22. had bargained for 
　had expected
bargain for: expect; prepared for (often used in negative form or after 'more than'), e.g.
　I had not bargained for such heavy rain, and got very wet without a coat.
　They went more slowly than Ralph had bargained for.

23. not to mention the energy they consume 
　to say nothing of the large quantities of electricity, gas, etc. they always consume. By this, the author emphasizes that they consume a lot.

24. Ensconced 
　suffer lessons. (pa.6) - As the two children were already so firmly and comfortably situated in the center of America's middle class, neither was will to take piano lessens, which would involve a lot of hard work.
suffer: (transitive) undergo something bad, unpleasant, or painful, e.g.
She suffered acute embarrassment when speaking before a group.
He has suffered no inconveniences of any kind.

25. station wagon 
　(American equivalent of the British word "estate car') a private car with a long body and a door at the back end which carries both people and goods

26. obliged us to be the official local child movers 
　Because we owned the car there was no way for us to escape carrying the children in our neighborhood to and from the various activities, as if this were our duty and we were authorized personnel for the job.

27. ad nauseam 
　endlessly, to the point of making you sick (feel angry and disgusted)

28. The TV went out 
　There were no longer pictures on the TV screen. Since a TV set gives out light, we say it goes out in the same way as we say a fire or a light goes out.

29. never mind 
　never mind about our broken television set; you need not bother to repair it
'Never mind" is used to tell someone that they need not concern or worry themselves about (doing) something.
　For example, after telling the woman who inquires about the bus service by telephone that bus fares are very high, the booking office girl may ask her "Do you still want to reserve a seat?" The woman may say: "Never mind, I'll fly instead."

30. move on 
　go ahead; buy better ones

31. Gramdma surprised … color portable 
　Grandma gave the children a 15-inch color portable for their own use, which was quite to their surprise.

32. For use 
　Should be "For us" instead

33. Bah, humbug！ 
　The expression comes from Charles Dickens' novel A Christmas Carol, meaning bitterness and irritation.

34. stiff, phoy-curl coiffure 
　a woman's hairstyle of tight curls which look unnatural.

35. the breezy look 
　the wind-blown look of hair. It also implies a more casual look.

36. child No.1 
　 the elder child

37. groom 
　make one's appearance tidy and smart by combing the hair and changing into neat clothes.

38. found its way into our midst 
　was brought into our house
in our midst: be with us, e.g.
　We have in our midst two Party members.
　He was but recently in our midst.

39. child No.2 
　the younger child, i.e, the son

40. volatile adolescence 
　the period between childhood and adulthood (the teenage period), which is a difficult time for children to get along with their parent. Children of this period are not easy to live with. They are very emotional, changing their mood or behavior suddenly and frequently. They may burst into tears one moment, and the next suddenly get very angry.

41. before the energy crisis 
　The energy crisis refers to the world economic crisis or recession from about 1973 to 1915, resulting from the restriction of oil supplies in 1973 by Arab oil-producing countries. cf. 'Inflation hit' in paragraph 10.
Putting in a swimming pool together with a gas, barbecue was only possible before the energy crisis, when fuel was very cheap and available.

42. put in 
　install; fix, e.g.
　How much does it cost to put in central treating?
　We are having a new bath put- in; the lumber put it in yesterday.

43. the gas barbecue ... accessory 
　The gas barbecue was not really necessary (cf. note 4). The author is being derisive, assuming they should have it when fuel was so cheap.

44. On occasion, I still come ... the finicky thing 
　Today, I am still so clumsy, in handling the overelaborate appliance (the barbecue) that sometimes I nearly set fire to the back porch.

come close to doing sth: all but do sth, e.g.

　The boy came close to falling off the high wall (he nearly fell).
　The study of synonyms will help the learner come closer to saying what he actually wants to say.
porch: (also called "veranda' and used chiefly in American English) a raised platform built along one of the outside walls of a house, often with a roof supported by pillars but with no wall of its own, used for play, or relaxation, e.g.
　I was sitting beside her on the back porch.
finicky (= finical): too fine; too complicated

45. But onward 
　But let's continue (move on) with our story. The story :narrated in the past tense, is interrupted by the parenthetical comment ("... I still come close ...") on the present embarrassing situation, hence this expression.

46. hit 
　came to affect all of us

47. Something ... was nudging me 
　I had a feeling, though it was not strong, that I should not use money too wastefully

48. Paragraph 11 
　The. author again breaks off her narration of the past to comment on the present. The freezer is not worth the money, because we do not store much food these days. But on the other hand, we have had to pay for a microwave oven which I dread using.

49. three of us 
　daughter, son, and I

50. estranged fathers 
　fathers who live apart from home because of bitterness with their wife
estranged from sb: not living with sb, e.g.
　He is estranged from his wife (living apart from her).
　Lionel and his estranged wife had never had children.

51. junk food 
　food low in nutritional value, often highly processed with a good taste, easy and quick to prepare or even ready prepared

52. deep down inside 
　at the bottom of my heart

53. doubts about its safety 
　People generally fear that the radiation of the microwave may contaminate food and cause cancer. Many western people are hesitant about using the microwave oven.

54. Now for the clincher 
　Now I give you the best example I have that really proves my point and makes you realize how middleclass people are living.
clinch: settle finally; conclude
clincher: a decisive point which settles an argument,
e. g.
　As a clincher, he made particular reference to previously negotiated agreements.
　The expense was the chncher that persuaded us to give up the enterprise.

55. my consciousness ... with things 
　I painfully realized that we had got more things than were necessary.

56. family interactions 
　communication or other contacts between family members

57. family room 
　Only large houses possess a family room. It is more casual than a-sitting room, and is the place where the family enjoy joint activities.

58. parenting 
　(uncountable noun) the activity of bringing up and looking after one's child

59. presented a case for 
　 put forward reasons for (doing sth)

60. One of us relented 
　Her fattier gave in to her request.

61. Who could show favoritism? 
　It was impossible for either parent to favor one child more than the other. The rhetorical question is in fact an emphatic negative statement.

62. I relented 
　I agreed to buy, a stereo for her brother as well.

63. three adults 
　the two children and I. The question mark is used because a youth who has reached sixteen is permitted by American law to obtain a driving license, but can hardly be said to be an adult

64. at the mercy of Southern California's geography 
　rendered quite helpless by the harsh geographical features of Southern California. Southern California is widely known to be very spread out with few bus services. Where it would be too far to ride a bicycle and where you need a car to travel about. The Southern Californian motorway conurbation has the reputation of enslaving people to the motor car.
be at the mercy of: be wholly in the power of; be powerless against, e.g.
A sailor is at the mercy of the weather.
For a fortnight the captain and his men roved adrift at the mercy of wind and waves.

65. gas guzzler 
　a common noun referring to a car which 'drinks' (guzzles) petrol (gas) in large quantities

66. There you have it 
　So now you have got the whole picture of my life/Now you understand the awkward situation I am in. This remark concludes the reassessment over the past ten years.

67. my children depart (will they?) 
　My children go to college for a degree and live away from home. 'Will they?' indicates the author's doubt that her children will ever go to college, or simply leave home.

68. the skeleton of possessions I began with 
　the minimum number of things we had when we set up housekeeping

69. I don't plan to be a martyr 
　I am not giving these things up in order to make myself suffer. (It's not that I plan to be a martyr. But… )
martyr: a person who willingly suffers greatly, e.g.
She makes a martyr of herself by doing all the cooking and cleaning herself - she should get her daughters to help.

70. hibaciii 
　a deep container covered with a grill, in which charcoal is burned, used to keep people warm when they have to stay outside in cold weather, or to cook food out of doors. The word is of Japanese origin. Hi means 'fire' in Japanese, and bachi 'bowl.'

71. I'm already sworn off the mindless tube 
　I have already made an oath not to use the stupid TV set any more.
swear off sth: promise to abandon or stop doing sth.
Note that "off" is a preposition.
No, I won't have a cigarette, thanks. I've sworn off them on doctor's advice.
Since his illness, he has had to swear off tennis.
The difference between 'I am sworn' and 'I have sworn' is similar to that between 'He is determined to propose a new method' and 'He has determined to propose…' It is generally explained that the former denotes a state and the latter an action. Thus, we can say 'For a long time he was determined to propose and not 'For a long time he had determined ...' Similarly, we say 'The sun is set; let's go home' or 'When I came back the flowers were gone' when we mean the state, and 'When we got home, the sun had set' or 'Where have all the flowers gone?' when we mean the action

72. 1 am dropping out of 
　I am withdrawing from; I am leavmg

73. before I self-consumpt 
　What the author means to say is she will refuse to consume herself (use up all her energy; tire herself out). Then she envisions the word self-consumption on the analogy of such words as self-destruction (suicide). From that she goes on to assume that there must exist the verb self-consumpt from which self-consumption has been derived, following the analogy of self-destruct (e.g. This machine is programmed to self-destruct). That is to say, by means of back-formation, she coins self-consumpt, from self-consumption, which is itself a coinage.

I. Comprehension
  
A. Answer the following questions.

1. What sacrifices must one make to find a place in middleclassdom according to the text?
2. Name some of the appliances designed to make meal preparation easier.
3. Why did the writer buy a $2 manual can-opener when the electric one was broken?
4. Why did everyone laugh at her?
5. What does the sentence "Everyone laughed and said that maybe I also should fill in the pool with dirt" imply?
6. What was the writer's attitude toward all the things they had?
7. Why was the purchase of the beautiful old uptight piano a disappointment?
8. What was the next disappointment? Why?
9. Why wasn't the writer happy when someone gave her children a 15-inch color portable TV ?
10. Why are there three hair dryers in the family ?
11. Does the writer use the gas barbecue often now ? Why or why not ?
12. Why did they buy a freezer?
13. What does the writer think about microwave ovens ?
14. Why is there a "?" after "three adults" in paragraph 12 ?
15. How would the writer rather live when her children leave home ?
16. What does the last paragraph suggest ?

B. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.

1. The writer decided to drop out of the conspicuous consumption gang because   a. of inflation.
 b. life is made too easy by modern miracle-performing appliances.
 c. she's spending too much time and energy trying to keep things running.
 d. her children will be leaving home soon.

2. When their black-and-white TV broke down   a. they bought a new one.
 b. they had it repaired for $112.
 c. they moved it to their new house.
 d. they got a color portable.

3. She is not going to get rid of the upright piano because   a. her daughter plays it.
 b. she wants to learn to play it someday.
 c. it is such a beautiful instrument.
 d. nobody would want to buy such an old piano.

4. Their present status of middleclassdom came   a. about 12 years ago.
 b. within the last ten years.
 c. in the early 70s.
 d. before inflation hit.

5. She agreed to let her son have a stereo of his own because   a. he was her favorite.
 b. he is a musician.
 c. all 15-year-olds should have their own stereos.
 d. she wants to be fair with the children.

II. Vocabulary
  
A. Rewrite the following sentences by using the words and expressions from the text.

1. After her father's death, she gave up hope of going to the university and shouldered the family responsibilities.
 
2. Brutus said that it was not because he loved Caesar less; it was because he loved Rome more.
 
3. Both Tom and Judy are still in kindergarten.
 
4. Once the children are in their teens, they will want to learn more about the facts of life.
 
5. This would be a better composition if you leave out all these unnecessary descriptions.
 
B. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given.(输入完毕后按ctrl键得知对错)

hoard accessory upkeep
tamper with bah ignite
finicky nudge bargain for
relent nutrition come close to
junk manual  

1. She   buying the microwave oven when her husband gave her a   and reminded her the money was for their daughter's piano.
2. The   of her dress cost far more than the dress itself.
3. They found that the trouble they were put to was more than  .
4. "  , how can you ask $350 for rent and   for this miserable flat ?" retorted the man.
5. Being low in gas, the car just wouldn't  .
6. She discovered that someone had been   the mail lately.
7. I'd rather use the  typewriter than that   thing you paid $300 for.
8. In the end mother   and allowed the children to stay up late on Christmas Eve.
9. "Why do you   a lot of   in the closet?" reproached his mother.
10. The nurse is writing a book on the care and   of children.

C. Translate the following into English, using the words and expressions given.

drop out (of) at the mercy of conspicuous
conflict complete with swear off 
coiffure ingenuously imperative
on occasion take an interest in  

1．她的这种发式真太引人注目了。
 
2．史密斯教授已严正宣布戒烟了。
 
3．虽然他在国外居住了四十多年，有时候他还会梦见故国以及幼年时的朋友们。
 
4．如果他坦率地要求做这工作，有可能会被批准的。
 
5．他的功课糟透了，以致他最后不得不退学。
 
6．她从小就对音乐发生兴趣。
 
7．英语讲座和美国文学讨论会(seminar)时间冲突。你将如何安排呢?
 
8．要紧的是这个生病的老人必须立刻送往医院。
 
9．这次郊游要看天气如何而定。
 
10．戴维购买了一辆豪华轿车，车中装有空调和电话。
 
D. Word formation(输入完毕后按ctrl键得知对错)

Form nouns by adding -dom to the following and tell their meanings.
eg: middleclass - middleclassdom: the people of the middle class as a whole

1. free   6. serf  
2. king   7. chief  
3. official   8. martyr  
4. wise   9. heir  
5. newspaper   10. film
 
E. Vocabulary revision

Rewrite the following with words and phrases given.

crestfallen set foot the moment 
strident skirt perpetuate

1. As soon as we got on to Chinese soil, we were thrilled with joy.
 
2. We went round the edge of the field so as not to damage the crops.
 
3. The monument will make his name continue to be known for ever.
 
4. The team was downhearted after losing the game.
 
5. His piercing voice hurts my ears.
 
III. Word Study
  
A. Translate the following by using the words in WORD STUDY.

1．遗失的那卷找到了，因此这部书又完整了。
 
2．他对那里的情况完全不知。
 
3．当你明年春天再来时，水库就该完工了。
 
4．这座桥是按照他们的设计建造的。
 
5．然而，他们的罪恶企图没有得逞。
 
6．没有过多久，这个饥饿的男孩就把这条面包吃掉了。
 
7．他在完成这项任务中，用掉了他的全部精力。
 
8．这些货物是以出口为目的的。
 
9．会议在代表们的掌声中结束。
 
10．他提出确凿的证据说她杀害了那个人。
 
B. Word study revision

Rewrite the following by using the words given.
character assumed relief drop haunt
1. The medicine will stop the pain immediately.
 
2. The beach is a favourite place which the local people often visit.
 
3. The presence of many foreigners gave an international nature to the meeting.
 
4. The reporter agreed to quote his informant under a pseudonym.
 
5. It is better for you to give up this idea.
 
IV. Grammar (non-finite verbs)
  
A. Replace each postmodifier by a relative clause that will make the meaning of the postmodification more explicit.

1. I read a story by Lu Xun this morning.
 
2. A man with a knife is running after John.
 
3. Mary is a student from America.
 
4. John is a man of courage.
 
5. The test includes a quotation from Shakespeare.
 
6. The man with Mary is my friend.
 
7. The train for Beijing leaves at 8.
 
8. The questions to be discussed tomorrow relate to this matter.
 
9. He became a man without a country.
 
10. A girl at his age could do the same.
 
11. The man to consult is John.
 
12. The man to do the job is John.
 
13. The next train to arrive is from Wuhan.
 
14. The man doing the job is John.
 
15. The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour.
 
16. Women believing in ghosts dare not go out at night.
 
17. The house standing on the bank of the river is my home.
 
18. There was no place to sit.
 
19. This is not the proper time to set out.
 
20. This is not the way to speak to your father.
 
B. Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or relative adverbs, if two forms are possible, then give both.(输入完毕后按ctrl键得知对错)

1. He was not sick,  some of the other passengers were.
2. Song birds are birds   sing.
3. Where is the man  you mentioned this morning ?
4. Is that the address to   you sent the letter?
5. John was no longer the boy   he had been ten years before.
6. Many new buildings have been put up in Shanghai   you were born.
7. John was arrested by the police,   puzzled his neighbors.
8. John was a thief,   Mary was not.
9. His brother,   you mentioned this morning, is a thief.
10.   has been said before, grammar is not a set of rules.
11. That is the reason   John was absent yesterday.
12. That is the time   we usually go to bed.
13. John married Mary,   is natural.
14.   is natural, John married Mary.
15. She married an American,   is my brother.
16. She wants to marry an American,   I am not.
17. My favonrite cat,   feeds on milk, is very fat.
18. Envoys were sent   should promote friendly relations with other countries.
19. The flat roofs of the houses have gardens on them,   fragrance perfumes the air.
20. He gave his antagonist such a box on the ear   made him stagger to the other side of the room.

C. Correct the following sentences if there is any mistake.

1. The panda which lives in China is a lovely animal.
2. The penguin, which lives in the Antarctic, is a lovely animal.
3. I don't know John, who is Mary's husband.
4. I don't know John, that is Mary's husband.
5. I don't know John, that surprised Mary.
6. He thinks her answer incorrect, which it probably is.
7. Which is very natural, man cannot live without water.
8. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.
9. He is the man which did it.
10. That was the time at which John came.
 
V. Writing
  
A. Write a short paragraph in about 200 words to state your views on middleclassdom in the U.S..

B. Give some comments on Thoreau's statement that technology would make man a tool of his tools.

VI. Topics for Oral Work
  
A. Present a case to your parents for desperately needing your own TV set.

B. Present some arguments against your child's request but later relent.

VII. Comprehensive Exercises
  
A. Find in the text at least five sentences or incidences expressing the writer's sense of humor.

B. Compose four word-formation exercises with ten words for each of the following suffixes.

1. -able, -ible
2. -ize
3. -en
4. -fy

C. Do the cloze test.

In my family it's mainly Dad who enforces the rules  he always wants to know  I'm going, who  and what time I'll be home. If I'm  , especially if I've been to a concert, he wants to know if there's been any  .
He's  worrid if I'm going to be with boys, because he  I'll be protected. In fact, there's  more trouble when we've been out with boys  when we've been  our own. During the week I have to be at home  10:30, which I think is  . On weekends they don't mind too much,  long as I give them a rough  of what time I'll be back. Some  my friends have to put  with much stricter rules. My best friend Julie's parents stop her  out if she's been late back even when she's got tickets  something. And a lot of my friends aren't allowed out on Sunday nights  all, which is quite a restriction since none of us  really go out a lot  the week, because of homework, especially now we've  exams.

D. These words may seem strange to you but see what happen if you put them in correct order. Just try.(输入完毕后按ctrl键得知对错)

Example: BAROPELT - PORTABLE

1. ESTORE   2. BUTE  
3. POINA   4. RYDER  
5. PROCKOCT   6. REABBUCE  
7. REFEREZ   8. KOCORE  
9. RCLURE   10. GREFATERRIOR   

Key to the Exercises
  
I. Comprehension

B. 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. b 5. d

II. Vocabulary

A.
1. ... she abandoned aspiring/her aspirations to go to university...
2. …said it was not that he ... but that he...
3. …still preschoolers.
4. …children become adolescents...
5. …all these superfluous descriptions.
B
1. came close to, nudge
2. accessories
3. bargained for ('Was" is omitted after 'than')
4. Bah, upkeep
5. ignite (better say 'start')
6. tampering with
7. manual, finicky
8. relented
9. hoard, junk
10. nutrition

C.
1. That coiffure of tiers is really conspicuous.
2. Prof. Smith has sworn off smoking.
3. Although he has been/After living abroad for more than forty years, he still dreams of his native land and his childhood friends on occasion(s).
4. If he had asked for the job ingenuously, he might have got it./If he ingenuously asks for the job, his request may be granted.
5. His school work was so poor that he finally had to drop out of school.
6. She has taken an interest in music ever since childhood.
7. How are you going to manage it/arrange your time since the English lecture conflicts with the American literature seminar?
8. It is imperative that the sick old man be sent to hospital immediately.
9. The picnic is at the mercy of the weather
10. David bought a luxurious car complete with airconditioning and telephone.

D.
1 .freedom 2. kingdom
3. officialdom 4.wisdom
5. newspaperdom 6 serfdom
7. chiefdom 8. martyrdom
9. heirdom 10. filmdom
The suffix '-dom' is added to some adjectives and nouns to form other nouns. The suffix has mainly four meanings:
(1) the state or condition of being (free, wise, a martyr, an heir, etc);
(2) the totality of all those who are (officials, etc);
(3) status as (a serf, a chief, etc);
(4) the domain of (a king, the newspaper, the film, etc).

E.
1. The moment we set foot on Chinese soil,
2 . We skirted the field …
3 . will perpetuate his name.
4. was crestfallen after ...
5. His strident voice ...

III. Word study

A.
1. Now that the missing volume has been found, the series is complete.
2. He is completely unaware of the situation there.
3. When you come again next spring, the reservoir will have been completed.
4. The bridge was built from/after their design.
5. However they failed in their criminal designs./However, their evil-designs failed/were defeated/were frustrated.
6. It didn't take the hungry boy long to consume/In a short while the hungry boy consumed the loaf of bread.
7. All his energy was consumed in performing/fulfilling the task.
8. These goods are designed for export consumption.
9. The meeting (was) concluded amid/with the applause of the delegates.
10. He gave conclusive proof that she murdered the man./ He gave conclusive evidence of her murder of the man/ of her having murdered the man
B.
1. The medicine will bring relief to the pain immediately/bring immediate relief of the pain.
2. a haunt of the local people.
3. an international character ...
4. under an assumed name.
5. for you to drop this idea.

IV. Grammar (non-finite verbs)

A. 1. ... a story which was written by Lu Xun.
2. A man who is carrying a knife...
3. …a student who comes from America.
4. …a man who has courage.
5. … a quotation which is taken from…
6. The man who is talking with Mary…
7. The train which goes to Beijing...
8. The questions which will be discussed tomorrow...
9. …a man who had no country.
10. A girl who is as old as he...
11. The man whom you can consult… ...
12. The Man who will do the job...
13. The next train that will arrive... /The train which will arrive next...
14. The man who is doing the job...
15. The ship which had been battered by the...
16. Women who believe...
17. The house which stands...
18. …no place where one could sit.
19. … time when we should set out.
20. … way in which you should speak to your…

B . 1. as/which
2. which/that
3. who/that/whom/zero
4. which
5. that
"That," which can be omitted, is only choice when it is the predicative of "to be' in a restrictive relative clause. Similarly, in 'Portugal is not the country (that) it was' we cannot use 'which.'
6. where
More natural as a non-restrictive clause!
7. which
'As' cannot be used, because we are not talking about similar situations. Compare:
She has married again, which delighted us.
She has married again, as often happens.
8. which
9. whom/as
10. As
11. why/that/zero
12. when/zero
13. which/as
14. As
'Which' cannot take the initial position.
15. who
16. which (cf.8)
17. who
'Who' is often used for pet animals, e.g.
We were given a violent welcome by our dog, who had not seen us for a whole month.
18. who
"That' is not good when the relative clause is separated from the antecedent.
19. whose
20. as

C
1. The panda, which lives in China,
2. (correct)
3. the John ...
4. who is
5. John, which ...
6. (correct)
7. As is very natural ...
8. (correct)
9. the man who did it.
10. time when John came.

VII. Comprehensive Exercises

C. where, with, late, trouble/incident, less, thinks/believes,
usually/even, than, on, by/before, reasonable, as/so, idea/explanation,
of, up, going, for, at, can, in/during, got
D. 1. stereo 2. tube
3. piano 4. dryer.
5. crockpot 6. barbecue
7. freezer 8. cooker
9. curler 10. refrigerator